Refinement Alternative for Animal Housing – Enrichment
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منابع مشابه
Housing Environment and Enrichment for Laboratory Rats - Refinement and Reduction Outcomes
Laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) are usually housed in polycarbonate, polypropylene or stainless steel solid bottom cages (SBCs) with bedding, although grid floor cages (GFCs) without contact bedding are also used. When housing rodents in laboratory conditions group housing and environmental enrichment are generally recommended. Due to the large number of rats used in biomedical research eac...
متن کاملRefinement in the literature: Searching for environmental enrichment
The term environmental enrichment became more common among animal caretakers in zoo and research settings after the passage of the 1985 amendments to the United States Animal Welfare Act which introduced the concept of psychological well-being of nonhuman primates and required exercise for dogs. The standards promulgated by the US Department of Agriculture in response to the new mandates placed...
متن کاملHarmonising the definition of refinement
Russell and Burch’s Three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) remain the cornerstone for principles guiding humane experimental research. However, the concept of refinement has evolved considerably since its first inception and there have been numerous interpretations, some of which are regressive from the original definition. In this paper we examine the interpretations of refinement, a...
متن کاملHow to improve housing conditions of laboratory animals: the possibilities of environmental refinement.
Housing systems for captive animals have often been designed on the basis of economic and ergonomic considerations, such as equipment, costs, space, workload, ability to observe the animals and to maintain a certain degree of hygiene, with little or no consideration for animal welfare. Environmental refinement can be defined as any modification in the environment of captive animals that seeks t...
متن کاملRefinement of rodent research through environmental enrichment and systematic randomization
Recently, conventional housing of laboratory rodents has been criticised for inducing abnormal behaviours and poor well-being, which also questions the validity of many animal experiments. Environmental enrichment may prevent abnormal behaviours and improve animal wellbeing, but concerns have been raised that it might also disrupt standardisation, thereby reducing the precision and replicabilit...
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تاریخ انتشار 2006